Design and Performance Evaluation of an IoT-Based Wireless Power Charging System with Vehicle Detection and Remote Control

Abstract

The development of electric vehicles drives the need for practical charging systems that can be controlled remotely. This study aims to design and evaluate a prototype of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based wireless charging system equipped with vehicle presence detection and power supply control. The system integrates an ESP8266 microcontroller, an infrared sensor, a relay, a wireless charging module, a 16x2 LCD, and the Arduino IoT Remote application. Testing was conducted on object detection functions, ON/OFF control via IoT, power transmission characteristics based on distance, electrical parameters, and changes in battery percentage indicators. The test results show that the infrared sensor is capable of distinguishing object presence conditions through digital outputs. Control via the IoT application allows changes in relay and transmitter states according to given commands. In distance testing, the LED indicator lights up within a range of 0.5–2.0 cm and shows a decrease in intensity at greater distances. Battery testing demonstrates an increase in the percentage indicator of one point every 1.5 minutes during the observation interval, with an estimated charging time from 10% to 100% of 135 minutes. These results indicate that object detection, remote control, and wireless power transfer functions can be integrated into a single prototype. Further evaluation is required to ensure automatic power cutoff mechanisms, energy transfer efficiency, and the accuracy of battery capacity monitoring.

Keywords: ESP8266, Internet of Things, Electric Vehicles, Battery Charging, Wireless Charging.