Productive Zakat from the Perspective of Maqasid al-Shariah: A Literature-Based Analysis of Social and Economic Maslahah in Indonesia

Productive zakat is an Islamic economic instrument with the potential to strengthen mustahik economic independence and improve social welfare. However, evaluations of its effectiveness tend to focus on economic indicators, highlighting the need for a more comprehensive assessment of its benefits from the perspective of maqasid al-shariah. This study aimed to analyze productive zakat practices and their implications for social and economic well-being in Indonesia through the framework of maqasid al-shariah. A qualitative literature review was conducted using content analysis and thematic synthesis. A Scopus search yielded 100 publication records, of which 60 met the initial document-type and publication-year criteria for 2016–2026, while 12 were identified as priority candidates for further assessment. The analysis employed the five dimensions of maqasid al-shariah as an interpretative framework. The findings indicate that productive zakat has the potential to improve mustahik welfare through economic empowerment, business mentoring, and institutional support. The dimension of hifz al-mal is directly associated with economic indicators, whereas hifz al-nafs, hifz al-'aql, hifz al-nasl, and hifz al-din encompass physical well-being, education, family welfare, and spiritual development. These findings suggest that evaluations of productive zakat based on maqasid al-shariah should integrate economic, social, spiritual, and institutional indicators to assess its multidimensional contributions to public welfare.

Keywords: Productive Zakat; Maqasid al-Shariah; Maslahah; Economic Empowerment; Mustahik Welfare.